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Kuo Pao Kun : ウィキペディア英語版
Kuo Pao Kun

Kuo Pao Kun (; 193910 September 2002) was a playwright, theatre director, and arts activist〔Kwok, Kian-Woon. "Remembering Kuo Pao Kun (1939–2002)." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 4.2 (2003): 193–201.〕 in Singapore who wrote and directed both Mandarin and English plays. He founded three arts and drama centres in Singapore,〔TTRP. "TTRP Founders." 2006. Theatre Training and Research Programme. 18 April 2008 〕 conducted and organised a number of drama seminars and workshops, and mentored Singaporean and foreign directors and artists. Kuo is acknowledged by both locals and foreigners as the pioneer of Singapore theatre, and was awarded the Cultural Medallion in 1990 for his contributions to Singapore theatre.〔Omar, Marsita. "Kuo Pao Kun." 6 June 2007. National Library Board Singapore: Singapore Infopedia. 18 April 2008〕 His plays are characterised for their dramatic and social commentary,〔Lo, Jacqueline. "Theatre in Singapore: an interview with Kuo Pao Kun." Australasian Drama Studies 23 (1993)〕 use of simple metaphors and multiculturalism themes,〔Kuo, Pao Kun. Images at the Margins: A Collection of Kuo Pao Kun's Plays. Singapore: Times Books International, 2000.〕 and have been staged locally and internationally.
==Early life==
Kuo Pao Kun was born in Hebei Province, China in 1939 to Kuo Fung Ting and Zhou Qiao. He moved to Beijing with his mother in 1947,〔 and spent nine months in transition in Hong Kong before being called to Singapore at the age of 10 by his businessman father.〔Kuo, Pao Kun. The Coffin Is Too Big for the Hole ...and other plays. Singapore: Times Books International, 1990.〕
Kuo lived with his father in High Street, and first attended Catholic High School's primary section. Due to various circumstances, however, Kuo transferred between both Chinese and English-medium schools many times. At one point, when he attended the Chinese High School in 1956, his father transferred him to Kallang West Government Chinese Middle School (now Dunman High School)〔 before moving him to Hong Kong due to the student unrest generated by politically activist Chinese high school and middle school students, largely out of concern for the political expedience of the unrest. When the student unrest ended in 1957, Kuo returned to Singapore to attend the English-medium Pasir Panjang Secondary School. Kuo attended a total of six schools in six years.〔Klein, Ronald D. "Kuo Pao Kun". Interlogue:Studies in Singapore Literature. Volume 4: Interviews. Vol. 4. Singapore: Ethos Books, 2001.〕
In 1955, Kuo joined Rediffusion's Mandarin radio play section at 14 years of age, (Lo) and worked as a broadcaster, in addition to performing and writing radio dramas and Chinese ''xiangsheng''.〔 His early years in Hebei and Beijing had led to his acquiring of his trademark Beijing-accented Mandarin, which he once described as "like having a BBC accent in English", and which advantaged him as a broadcaster. After Kuo finished high school in 1959, his experience in broadcasting and bilingual advantage from his education enabled him to secure a job as a translator/announcer in Melbourne with Radio Australia, where he worked for three and a half years.〔 In 1963, he took up an intensive, two-year drama programme with the National Institute of Dramatic Arts (NIDA) in Sydney, while working in technical theatre at the Old Tote.〔 The course gave him a "strong, solid grounding" in many aspects of contemporary Western theatre and introduced him to Western classical theatre.〔 During his studies in NIDA, Kuo also became engaged to choreographer and dancer Goh Lay Kuan.〔

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